Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Lung cancer 


Lung cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and it develops in the lungs. Early detection of lung cancer is crucial because it enhances the likelihood of successful treatment and survival. A combination of tests and procedures often diagnoses lung cancer. Some of the methods used to diagnosis of lung cancer are as follows:


Imaging Tests


Imaging tests are frequently used to diagnose lung cancer. Among these tests are:


  • X-ray: A chest X-ray might reveal malignant or abnormal lung spots.

  • CT scan: A CT scan can offer detailed images of the lungs and help spot small nodules or tumors that an X-ray may not notice.

  • MRI: In some situations, an MRI may produce more detailed images of the lungs.


Biopsy 


A biopsy removes a small tissue sample from the lung for microscopic inspection. Some of the ways utilized to obtain a biopsy are as follows:

  • Bronchoscopy: It involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube containing a camera through the nose or mouth and into the lungs. The doctor can then take a tiny tissue sample for analysis.

  • Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy is a method in which a needle is inserted into the chest wall and the lung to acquire a tissue sample.

  • Surgical biopsy: In some circumstances, a surgical biopsy may be required to get a larger tissue sample for testing.


Cytopathology of Sputum


Sputum cytology examines a sample of mucus coughed up from the lungs. A microscope is used to check the sample for the presence of cancer cells.


Molecular Analysis


Molecular testing examines tumor cells for genetic abnormalities that may be causing cancer cell proliferation. This testing can aid in identifying specific treatments that may be more effective in treating cancer.


Treatment options for Lung cancer 


Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the most common therapies for lung cancer. 


Surgery: The primary treatment for early-stage lung cancer is surgery. Surgery aims to remove the tumor and a part of the healthy tissue surrounding it. This is typically accomplished via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In some instances, a lobectomy (removal of a lung lobe) or pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung) may be required. 


Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation is used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells. Depending on the stage of the cancer, it may be administered alone or in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy.


Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment in which medications kill cancer cells. It is frequently used in conjunction with surgery or radiation therapy, particularly in advanced lung cancer. Chemotherapy medications are often administered intravenously but can also be administered orally. 


Cadrubin 10mg injection contains the active substance Epirubicin Hydrochloride. It is an anti-cancer drug that belongs to the class anthracyclines. It is also useful in treating breast, ovaries, stomach, bowel, and lung cancers. Cadrubin 10mg injection inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis by exerting cytotoxic activity. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of the cancer cells. This medicine helps to kill cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells selectively.


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